Inkomoko n’amateka ya Bibiliya, ibyanditswe byahumetswe n’Imana
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Inkomoko n’amateka ya Bibiliya, ibyanditswe byahumetswe n’Imana

Bibiliya ni igitabo cyihariye kandi gikomeye kurusha ibindi byose byanditswe mu mateka y’abantu. Ni igitabo cy’ijambo ry’Imana, cyanditswe mu bihe bitandukanye, n’abantu batandukanye ariko bose bayobowe n’Umwuka Wera w’Imana. Ariko se Bibiliya yaturutse he? Yanditswe gute? Ni bande bayanditse? Iyi ni imwe mu nkuru zitangaje kandi zifite umuzi ukomeye mu mateka y’ukwemera.

Itangira rya Bibiliya, n’Amategeko ya Mose

Ibyanditswe bya mbere bigize Bibiliya byanditswe n’umugabo witwaga Mose. Mu gihe cy’imyaka igera ku 1500 mbere ya Yesu, Mose yanditse ibitabo bitanu bya mbere byitwa Torah mu Giheburayo, cyangwa Pentateuke mu Kigiriki. Ibyo ni: Itangiriro, Kuvayo, Abalewi, Kubara, no Gutegeka kwa Kabiri. Ibi bitabo byahaye umurongo n’itegeko ku bwoko bw’Imana—Abisirayeli.

Nyuma ya Mose, Imana yakoresheje abandi bantu barimo abahanuzi nka Yesaya, Yeremiya, Ezekiyeli n’abandi banditse ibitabo by’ubuhanuzi n’andi mateka y’Abisirayeli. Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, Bibiliya yagiye ikura, yandikwa ku bikoresho byitwaga inyandiko z’uruhu (papyrus cyangwa pergament) mu ndimi nk’igiheburayo, arameyike n’ikigiriki.

Isezerano Rishya,Ubuhamya bw’ubuzima bwa Yesu n’ubutumwa bwiza


Igihe Yesu Kristo yabaga mu isi, we ubwe ntiyigeze yandika igitabo, ariko abigishwa be n’abandi bamukurikiranaga begereye ibihe bye, ni bo banditse ibitabo byiswe Injili (Matayo, Mariko, Luka, na Yohana). Hiyongereyeho n’ibitabo byanditswe n’intumwa Pawulo n’abandi bakristo ba mbere, birimo Ibyakozwe n’intumwa, n’Amabaruwa yandikiwe amatorero atandukanye. Ibi byose byagize Isezerano Rishya, igitabo cyanditswe mu kigiriki cy’icyo gihe.

Mu kinyejana cya 4 nyuma ya Yesu, abayobozi b’itorero (bishops) bahuye mu nama zitandukanye, harimo izamenyekanye nka Synod ya Hippo (393 AD) na Synod ya Carthage (397 AD), bemeranya ku bitabo bigize Bibiliya. Nibwo hatangajwe urutonde rwa nyuma rw’ibitabo 66 bigize Bibiliya yacu ya none (39 by’Isezerano rya Kera na 27 by’Isezerano Rishya).

Bibiliya mu ndimi zose z’isi

Bibiliya yakomeje guhindurwa mu ndimi zitandukanye kugeza no ku Kinyarwanda. Mu Rwanda, Bibiliya yatangiye kumvikana mu rurimi rwacu mu myaka ya 1920, binyuze mwivugabutumwa ry’abamisiyoneri n’abasomyi b’inkoranyamagambo.

Uko bibiliya yageze mu Rwanda, inkuru y’urugendo rwa Bibiliya

Bibiliya, nk’igitabo cy’Imana, yagize urugendo rurerure kugira ngo igere ku mitima y’abantu bose, haba mu Burayi, muri Aziya, ndetse no ku mugabane wa Afurika. Urugendo rwayo rugera no mu Rwanda mu buryo bw’iyogezabutumwa.

Bibiliya yageze mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20. Mu mwaka wa 1900, abamisiyoneri ba mbere baturutse mu Bwongereza no mu Bubiligi batangije umurimo wo kwamamaza ubutumwa bwiza. Mu rwego rwo gufasha Abanyarwanda kumenya ibyanditswe byera, hatangiye ibikorwa byo kwigisha gusoma no kwandika mu Kinyarwanda.

Ihindurwa ry’ibice bya mbere bya Bibiliya mu Kinyarwanda

Mu mwaka wa 1909, igice cya mbere cy’Isezerano Rishya (nk’Ivanjili ya Luka) cyari kimaze guhindurwa mu Kinyarwanda. Ubu buhindurwa bwanditswe n’abamisiyoneri bafatanyije n’Abanyarwanda, bafashaga mu kumvikanisha amagambo y’Ijambo ry’Imana mu rurimi rwumvwa na rubanda.

Bibiliya yose mu Kinyarwanda bwa mbere

Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubuhinduzi n’ubusesenguzi bwimbitse, Bibiliya yose yasohotse mu Kinyarwanda ku nshuro ya mbere mu mwaka wa 1957, ku bufatanye bw’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’amasosiyete y’ibyanditswe byera (Bible Society) n’itorero rya Angilikani.

Iyo Bibiliya izwi nka “Bibiliya y’ikirenga”, yakoreshwaga cyane n’amatorero menshi yagiye avuka mu Rwanda.

Impinduka n’ubuhinduramatwara mu guhindura bibiliya

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, habaye ubuhinduramatwara mu buryo bwo gusobanura amagambo no kuyahuza n’ururimi rukoreshwa n’abaturage ba none. Ibyo byavuyemo ubuhinduro bushya nka:

Bibiliya Ijambo ry’Imana (2002) – yasohowe na Bibiliya Ntagatifu, ikoreshwa cyane n’Abagatolika.

Bibiliya y’Ijambo ry’Imana rivuguruye (2010) – ikoreshwa n’amatorero menshi yivuguruye, harimo n’aya Gikirisitu yigenga.

Hari kandi Bibiliya y’abana, Bibiliya y’urubyiruko, ndetse na Bibiliya y’abatabona (Braille).

Bibiliya ku buryo bwa digitale n’amajwi

Kuri ubu, Bibiliya iraboneka no kuri telefone, mudasobwa, ndetse n’amajwi (audio Bible). Hari n’imbuga nka YouVersion, aho ushobora gusoma Bibiliya mu Kinyarwanda, no kuyumva ushyizeho amajwi, bityo ijambo ry’Imana rikagera no ku badasoma cyangwa batabona.

Urugendo rwa Bibiliya rugera mu Rwanda ni igihamya cy’uko Imana itajya yibagirwa ubwoko bwayo. Uko imyaka igenda ishira, Bibiliya igenda irushaho kugera ku bantu bose, mu ndimi, mu buryo bugezweho, ndetse no mu mibereho ya buri munsi.

Bibiliya ntabwo ari igitabo gisanzwe. Ni ijambo ry’Imana, rihumetswe n’Umwuka Wera, rigasubiza ibibazo bikomeye nk’aho umuntu aturuka, inkomoko y’icyaha, agakiza kabonerwa muri Yesu Kristo n’icyizere cy’ubugingo bw’iteka.

“Ijuru n’isi bizashira, ariko amagambo yanjye ntazashira.” — Matayo 24:35

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