Mu rugamba rwo kurwanya amakuru y’ibihuha, ibihugu byatangiye kwigisha abana uburyo bwo kumenya ukuri
Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kwihuta no koroshya ikwirakwizwa ry’amakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ibihugu byinshi ku Isi byatangiye kwigisha abana n’urubyiruko uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakuru mbere yo kuyizera cyangwa kuyasangiza abandi. Abahanga bavuga ko ubu bumenyi bwabaye ingenzi nk’uko gusoma, kwandika no kubara byahoze ari inkingi z’uburezi.
Kugeza ubu, abana n’urubyiruko bamara amasaha menshi kuri internet bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo TikTok, YouTube, Instagram na Facebook, aho bahurira n’amakuru menshi aturuka ahantu hatandukanye. Nubwo aya makuru yoroshya kubona amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, si yose aba ari ay’ukuri, cyane cyane muri iki gihe ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano (AI) rituma byoroha gukora amashusho, amajwi n’amafoto asa n’ay’umwimerere ariko ari ibihimbano (deepfakes).
Ni muri urwo rwego ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gushyira digital media literacy, cyangwa ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma amakuru kuri internet, mu nteganyanyigisho z’amashuri hagamijwe gufasha abanyeshuri kumenya amakuru yizewe no kwirinda kugwa mu mutego w’ibihuha.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku burezi, siyanse n’umuco (UNESCO), rivuga ko kwigisha abanyeshuri gusuzuma amakuru ari imwe mu nzira zifasha kubaka abaturage bashobora gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku kuri no gutekereza mu buryo bwigenga. UNESCO igaragaza ko ubumenyi mu itangazamakuru n’itangazabumenyi (Media and Information Literacy) ari ingenzi mu kubaka sosiyete ishoboye guhangana n’ibinyoma n’ubushukanyi bukorerwa kuri internet.
Mu Finland, igihugu kizwiho kugira imwe muri gahunda z’uburezi ziza ku isonga ku Isi, abanyeshuri batangira kwiga gutandukanya amakuru yizewe n’ibihuha bakiri bato. Bigishwa kugenzura inkomoko y’amakuru, gusuzuma niba ifoto cyangwa videwo byarahinduwe no kumenya niba umutwe w’inkuru ugamije gukurura abantu cyangwa kubayobya aho kubaha amakuru y’ukuri.
No muri Estonia, kimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, amasomo yo gukoresha internet mu buryo bwizewe no kugenzura amakuru yashyizwe mu nteganyanyigisho z’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, hagamijwe gutegura urubyiruko ruzabasha guhangana n’ibibazo bizanwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ibihugu nka Sweden, Ireland na Canada na byo byatangije gahunda zifasha abanyeshuri kumenya amakuru y’ibinyoma, cyane cyane muri iki gihe ubwenge buhangano bukomeje gutuma haboneka amashusho, amajwi n’amafoto ashobora kuyobya abantu igihe adasuzumwe neza.
Abashakashatsi mu itangazabumenyi bavuga ko abanyeshuri bigishwa kwibaza ibibazo by’ingenzi mbere yo kwizera amakuru ayo ari yo yose, birimo kumenya uwanditse ayo makuru, aho yaturutse, niba hari ibindi bitangazamakuru byizewe byayemeje ndetse no gusuzuma niba amafoto cyangwa amashusho akubiyemo ari umwimerere cyangwa yarahinduwe.
UNESCO ishimangira ko ubu bumenyi bufasha urubyiruko kwirinda amakuru y’ibinyoma, uburiganya bwo kuri internet n’ubukangurambaga bugamije kuyobya rubanda, cyane cyane mu bihe by’amatora, ibiza cyangwa ibindi bihe bisaba amakuru yizewe.
Raporo y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe Ubutwererane mu Bukungu n’Iterambere (OECD) na yo igaragaza ko abanyeshuri bafite ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma amakuru bakunda gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku bimenyetso, bakirinda gukwirakwiza amakuru atizewe ndetse bakagira uruhare mu kubaka umuco wo gukoresha neza imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Mu gihe abantu benshi basigaye babona amakuru bwa mbere kuri internet aho kuyakura mu bitangazamakuru gakondo, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amakuru y’ukuri n’ay’ibinyoma bwahindutse bumwe mu bumenyi bw’ingenzi bukenewe mu kinyejana cya 21.
Abahanga bemeza ko kwigisha uru rubyiruko ubu bumenyi hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’ibihuha, guteza imbere gutekereza gushingiye ku bimenyetso no gufasha abakoresha internet kuyibyaza umusaruro mu buryo bwubaka.
Uko isi ikomeza kwinjira mu bihe birangwa n’ubwiyongere bw’ikoranabuhanga rya AI n’ibikoresho bishobora gukora amakuru y’ibihimbano, ni na ko ibihugu byinshi bikomeza kubona ko ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma amakuru butakiri isomo ry’inyongera, ahubwo ari kimwe mu bumenyi bw’ibanze buzafasha urubyiruko kubaho neza no gufata ibyemezo bikwiriye mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga.
