
Burya konsa umwana uko bikwiye bigira uruhare mu buhanga azagira mu mikurire ye y’ahazaza
Nyuma yo gushinga urugo, umuryango uwo ari wo wose uba wifuza kugira urubyaro bakitwa ababyeyi. Nyuma yo kubyara ntabwo ibyifuzo by’ababyeyi birangirira mu kugira urubyaro gusa, buri mubyeyi aba yifuza kugira abana b’abahanga, bazabasha kwiga bakagera kure, ndetse buri wese aba yibaza icyo yakora kugira ngo azagire abana b’abahanga.
Bisa n’aho buri mubyeyi aba yiteguye gutanga ikiguzi byamusaba icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo abana be babe abahanga, nyamara kugeza ubu nta banga rizwi wakoresha ngo ubyare abana b’abahanga kubera ko ubuhanga bw’umwana bushobora guterwa n’impamvu nyinshi nko kuba abikomora ku muryango we, uburyo yarezwe, aho yakuriye ndetse n’ibindi.
Abashakashatsi batandukanye bagiye bagaragaza ko konsa umwana uko bikwiye bifasha cyane mu mikurire y’umwana yaba iy’umubiri ndetse n’iy’ubwonko, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma umwana aba umuhanga kubera ko yonse uko bikwiye akiri muto.
Nubwo abantu benshi bakomeza kujya impaka ku gitera ubuhanga bw’umwana, ntabwo ari benshi basobanukiwe ko konsa umwana uko bikwiriye bigira uruhare runini mu kuba umwana yaba umuhanga.
Ni ikihe gihe gikwiye cyo konsa umwana?
Abantu benshi iyo babonye umwana w’umuhanga, uzumva bavuga bati: “izi ni imbaraga z’iminsi igihumbi (1000). Iyi minsi igihumbi baba bavuga, ni ukuvuga umwana agisamwa kugeza agize imyaka ibiri, aho abahanga bemeza neza ko uko umwana yitabwaho muri iyi minsi 1000 ya mbere, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire ye kugeza abaye mukuru.
Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe hanze n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS, mu mwaka wa 2021, bugaragaza ko umwana agomba konswa kuva akivuka kugeza nibura yujuje imyaka ibiri. Kuva umwana avutse kugeza agize amezi atandatu, agomba konswa amashereka gusa nta kindi avangiwe habe n’amazi, kandi akonswa nibura inshuro 9 ku munsi.
Akimara kuzuza amezi atandatu, umwana ashobora gutangira kugaburirwa amafunguro yoroshye ndetse agahindurirwa bigendanye n’ikigero cy’imikurire agezemo, ariko hakitabwa cyane ku guhabwa indyo yuzuye kandi isuku yaba iy’ibiribwa, iye, ndetse n’iy’umugaburira ikitabwaho cyane.
Konsa bigira uruhe ruhare mu buhanga bw’umwana?
Mu gihe ababyeyi benshi bakigerageza kumenya icyo bakora kugira ngo bagire abana b’abahanga, abashakashatsi benshi bemeza ko konsa umwana uko bikwiye ari ibanga rya mbere rikomeye buri mubyeyi wese ushaka kugira umwana w’umuhanga akwiye gukoresha.
Umushakashatsi w’umunya Brasil Cesar G. Victora mu bushakashatsi bwe yakoze mu mwaka wa 1982 yagaragaje ko konsa umwana uko bikwiye bituma ubwonko bwe bukura neza bikongera ikigero cye cy’ubuhanga.
Mu bushakashatsi bwe yakoze muri uwo mwaka bwiswe “1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study ” mu gihugu cya Brazil mu mujyi wa Pelotas, yakurikiranye abana bagera ku bihumbi bitandatu (6000) bavutse, maze nyuma y’igihe kirekire agaragaza ko abo bana igihe bonkejwe cyagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu buhanga bwabo, akaba yarabigaragaje mu bushakashatsi yise “The Lancet Global Health ” yasohoye mu mwaka wa 2015 afatanyije n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bagenzi be bafatanyaga.
Mu bushakashatsi bwe, Victoria na bagenzi be bagaragaje ko konswa igihe kirekire byatumye aba bana baba abahanga cyane, bagera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’amashuri, ari nako bijyana n’amafaranga binjizaga atari make ku myaka 30 gusa.
Si Victoria gusa kuko n’abandi bashakashatsi barimo Bernardo L. Horta; umushakashatsi w’Umunyaburezile mu bijyanye n’ubuzima n’imirire, yagaragaje ko konsa umwana igihe kini kandi uko bikwiye bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mikurire y’ubwonko bwe, bigatuma aba umuhanga.
Amashereka abamo izihe ntungamubiri?
Nkuko bigaragara mu bushakashatsi butandukanye, amashereka abamo intungamubiri z’ubwoko burenga 5 bufasha cyane mu mikurire y’umubiri n’ubwonko, cyane cyane ku bana bato. Amashereka abamo acide z’ingirakamaro cyane ku bwonko bw’umuntu zirimo Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) na Arachidonic Acid (ARA) zigira uruhare rukomeye cyane mu mikorere n’imikurire y’ubwonko.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw’izi acide butuma umuntu afata mu mutwe vuba, agatekereza neza ndetse akabasha kubona ibisubizo by’ibibazo vuba. Amashereka kandi abamo isukari nka lactose, galactose, ibyubaka umubiri (proteins) by’ubwoko butandukanye nka lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, ana immunoglobulins, byose bifasha mu mikurire y’ubwonko bw’umwana.
Nubwo ubuhanga bw’umwana buturuka ku mpamvu zitandukanye, hari ibimenyetso ko konsa umwana neza uko bikwiye, ari kimwe mu by’ingenzi byatuma ubwonko bw’umwana bukura neza kandi akaba umuhanga. Ni ngombwa ko ababyeyi bashishikarira konsa abana uko bikwiye mu kuva bavutse kugeza bagize nibura imyaka 2 nkuko OMS ibitangamo inama ku babyeyi.
Si ibi gusa kuko amashereka abamo izindi ntungamubiri zitandukanye nk’umwunyungugu wa feri, ndetse na vitamine z’ubwoko butandukanye nka vitamine A, D, E, K, na B-complex, zose zongerera ubwonko imbaraga ndetse zikabufasha gukora vuba.