Ubukungu: Intera hagati y’abakire n’abakene muri Afurika ikomeje kwiyongera ku rwego ruteye impungenge
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Ubukungu: Intera hagati y’abakire n’abakene muri Afurika ikomeje kwiyongera ku rwego ruteye impungenge

Raporo nshya y’umuryango mpuzamahanga Oxfam yagaragaje ko abaherwe bane ba mbere muri Afurika bafite umutungo ubarirwa muri miliyari 57.4 z’amadolari ya Amerika, ungana n’umutungo rusange w’abaturage barenga miliyoni 750, cyangwa kimwe cya kabiri cy’abatuye umugabane wa Afurika.

Iyo raporo yiswe “Icyuho cy’ubukungu muri Afurika n’izamuka ry’ibihe by’ubutunzi budasanzwe” ivuga ko icyuho kiri hagati y’abakire n’abakene muri Afurika gikomeje kwiyongera ku rwego ruteye impungenge.

Mu mwaka wa 2000, nta n’umwe mu batuye Afurika wari mu baherwe batunze miliyari y’amadolari ku isi. Ariko ubu, imibare yerekana ko hari abaherwe 23 bafite umutungo ubarirwa hejuru ya miliyari imwe y’amadolari. Mu myaka itanu ishize gusa, umutungo wabo wiyongereyeho hejuru ya 50%, ugera hejuru ya miliyari 112 z’amadolari.

Ibi bisobanuye ko 5% by’abantu bakize cyane muri Afurika bafite umutungo ubarirwa muri tiriyari 4 z’amadolari—uruta inshuro ebyiri umutungo w’abandi 95% batuye umugabane.

Ibi bigaragaza uburyo ubutunzi bwihariwe n’abantu bake, mu gihe abandi benshi babayeho mu bukene bukabije. N’iyo aba baherwe batanu ba mbere batanga hafi ya byose bafite, bagasigarana 0.01% gusa, baba bagifite ubukire bwikubye inshuro 56 ugereranyije n’umuturage usanzwe wo muri Afurika.

Afurika ni umwe mu migabane ifite icyuho kinini mu bukungu ku isi. Ibyo bikomeje gutuma ubukene bwiyongera, ndetse n’itangira ry’amahirwe hagati y’abakire n’abakene rirushaho kugabanya icyizere cyo kwikura mu bukene kuri benshi. Raporo ya Oxfam ivuga ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibihugu 50 bifite ubusumbane bukabije ku isi biherereye muri Afurika.

Ibirenze ibyo, buri bantu 10 babayeho mu bukene bukabije ku isi, barindwi baba muri Afurika. Nubwo abaturage basanzwe barwana no kubaho, guverinoma nyinshi ntizishyira imbaraga mu gukuraho icyo cyuho. Ahubwo, ibikenewe mu buzima nk’ubuvuzi, uburezi, n’imfashanyo ku batishoboye bikomeje kugabanuka mu ngengo y’imari y’ibihugu.

Mu gihe abaturage bakennye bishyuzwa imisoro nka TVA (Value Added Tax), abakire bo bagira umusanzu muto cyane ku misoro. Afurika yakira 0.3% gusa by’umusaruro mbumbe (GDP) binyuze mu misoro y’ubukire—iri hasi cyane ugereranyije na Aziya (0.6%), Amerika y’Amajyepfo (0.9%) ndetse n’ibihugu bikize bya OECD (1.8%). Kandi no ku rwego ruto yari isanzweho, iyo misoro yagabanutseho hafi 25% mu myaka 10 ishize.

Oxfam igaragaza ko gushyiraho umusoro muto wa 1% ku mutungo n’umusoro wa 10% ku nyungu z’abaherwe 1% ba mbere, byabyara miliyari 66 z’amadolari buri mwaka. Ayo mafaranga ashobora gutuma haboneka uburezi bufite ireme kuri bose, ndetse n’amashanyarazi ku baturage bose ku rwego rw’umugabane.

Hari ibihugu bimaze kugaragaza ko ibyo bishoboka. Mu bihugu nka Maroc na Afurika y’Epfo, imisoro ku mitungo y’ubutaka yinjiza hejuru ya 1% by’umusaruro mbumbe, bikaba biri mu bipimo byo hejuru muri Afurika.

Mu birwa bya Seychelles, ubusumbane mu misaruro bwaragabanutse cyane. Igice cy’abaturage batishoboye cyabonye inyungu zizamuka ku kigero cya 76% uhereye mu mwaka wa 2000, mu gihe 1% by’abakire kurusha abandi bagabanutseho bibiri bya gatatu ku mutungo w’igihugu.

Guverinoma ya Seychelles itanga uburezi bufite ireme ku buntu, ubuvuzi kuri bose ndetse n’inkunga ku batishoboye, ibyo byose bigatuma abaturage bagira icyizere cyo kugera ku iterambere.

Ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina

Raporo inavuga ko ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina nabwo bukabije muri Afurika. Abagabo bafite ubutunzi bukubye inshuro eshatu ubw’abagore, ibi bikaba biri mu bizitira iterambere ry’uburinganire n’ubwisanzure bw’imibereho.

Iyo ubusumbane bukabije buherereye ku bantu bake, binagira ingaruka ku miyoborere, ubutabera n’iterambere rusange. Igihe kirageze ngo Afurika itekereze ku buryo bwo kongera imisoro ku bukire bukabije, no gushyira imbere inyungu rusange z’abaturage.

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