
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko gutunga imbwa cyangwa indi nyamaswa mu rugo bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara
Ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka n’imyaniko bukorwa, bwagaragaje ko kubana n’inyamaswa mu rugo bigabanya ibyago byo kurwaragura indwara zirimo iz’uruhu cyangwa se izindi nka allergies.
Kugira ngo usobanukirwe n’ubu bushakashatsi, reka duhere igihe Abamishi bimukaga bavuye mu Burayi bwo hagati bajya muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru mu kinyejana cya 18.
Abamishi bazwiho kugira umuco n’imibereho idasanzwe. Uyu munsi, baracyagendera ku bikorwa bya kera nko korora inka zitanga amata ndetse no gukora ingendo bifashishije amafarashi, nk’uko ababyeyi babo n’abakurambere babo babigenzaga mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi bishize.
Abamishi bamaze imyaka myinshi batera amatsiko abanditsi b’amafilime ya Hollywood, abategura ibiganiro bya filime ndangamurage ndetse n’abashakashatsi mu mibanire y’abantu.
Ariko mu myaka 10 ishize, uburyo bwabo bwo kubaho bwatangiye no gukurura cyane ubushakashatsi bw’isi y’ubuvuzi, kuko basa n’abanyuranya n’imwe mu myitwarire n’imiterere y’abandi bantu.
Mu gihe indwara zifitanye isano n’ubudahangarwa zigaragara kuva umuntu akiri umwana, nko guhumeka nabi (asthma), uduheri tw’uruhu (eczema) ndetse n’ubwandu bukomoka ku biribwa cyangwa ibindi (allergies), byiyongereye cyane kuva mu myaka ya 1960 gusa ibyo ntibigaragara ku Bamishi.
Mu rwego rwo kugerageza gusobanukirwa impamvu Abamishi bagira ubwandu buke bw’indwara zimwe na zimwe zifitanye isano n’ubudahangarwa, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi mu mwaka wa 2012 ryamaze igihe mu muryango w’Abamishi wo muri leta ya Indiana, ndetse no mu wundi muryango w’abahinzi uzwi ku izina rya Hutterites, muri South Dakota.
Mu mpande zombi, bafashe amaraso y’abana 30, bayakoraho ubushakashatsi neza kugira ngo basuzume byimbitse imikorere y’ubudahangarwa bwabo.
Hari byinshi aya matsinda yombi ahuriyeho. Abamishi n’Abahutterite bose babaho batunzwe n’umusaruro w’ubutaka, bafite inkomoko y’Abanyaburayi, aho batuye ntibahura n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi bakurikiza imirire idakungahaye ku biribwa byatunganyirijwe mu nganda.
N’ubwo bimeze gutyo, indwara za asthma n’indwara zo mu buto zijyanye n’uburwayi bw’uruhu cyangwa ubundi bwibasira abana, bigaragara ku kigero kiri hagati y’inshuro enye n’esheshatu ugereranyije n’Abamishi.
Itandukaniro rimwe riri hagati y’aya matsinda yombi ni uko mu gihe Abahutterite bakoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi bugezweho rishingiye ku nganda, Abamishi bo ntibabikora, bituma kuva bakiri bato babaho bari hafi cyane y’amatungo ndetse n’utundi dukoko dukururwa n’ayo matungo.
Iyo urebye Abamishi ukanagereranya n’aba hutterite, usanga Abamishi babana mu mashyamba n’amatungo, mu gihe Abahutterite bo batuye mu midugudu mito, ubuhinzi bukaba bushobora kuba buri n’ibirometero bike uvuye aho batuye, nk’uko byemezwa na Fergus Shanahan, umwarimu mukuru muri kaminuza akaba inararibonye mu buvuzi muri University College Cork, Irlande.
Ibyago by’umwana byo kugira indwara z’uburwayi bw’uruhu cyangwa izindi allergies hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icyenda bigaragara ko bigabanuka bitewe n’umubare w’amatungo mato cyangwa izindi nyamanswa zyo mu rugo zari zihari mu myaka ye ya mbere y’ubuzima, ibintu bise “ingaruka za mini-farm”.
Mu mwaka wa 2016, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Budage ryasohoye ubushakashatsi buvuga ko abana b’Abamishi bafite ibyago bike byo kugira allergies bitewe n’ukuntu aho babaye hifitemo uburyo bugena imikorere y’ubudahangarwa bwabo.
By’umwihariko, abashakashatsi basanze abana b’Abamishi bafite uturemangingo twitwa regulatory T cells dukora neza kurusha utwabaturutse mu muryango w’Abahutterite. Utu turemangingo dutuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bukorana imbaraga nyinshi.
Igihe abashakashatsi basuzumaga ivumbi ryakusanyijwe mu ngo z’abana b’Abamishi n’Abahutterite kugira ngo barebe niba ririmo ibimenyetso by’ubwandu bw’udukoko, basanze ibimenyetso bigaragara by’uko abana b’Abamishi bahuraga n’udukoko twinshi cyane, bikaba bishoboka ko byaturukaga ku matungo babanaga nayo hafi.
Hirya no hino ku isi, abandi bashakashatsi nabo bagiye basanga ibisubizo bisa n’ibi. Itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’ubudahangarwa ryatangaje ko abana bakurira mu misozi ya Alpes, aho inka zibana n’abazitunze, basa n’abarindwa indwara nka asthma, ndetse na eczema.
Ubundi bushakashatsi nabwo bwasanze ibyago by’umwana byo kugira allergies hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icyenda bigabanuka bihuye n’umubare w’amatungo mato cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu rugo zari mu rugo mu myaka ye ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe.
Jack Gilbert, umwarimu muri University of California San Diego, wanagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku Bamishi, ndetse akaba n’umwe mu bashinze American Gut Project, avuga ko “Si umuti rusange uvura byose, kuko buri gihe nkora ikiganiro kuri ibi, hari umuntu uvuga ati: ‘Jyewe nakuriye ku mashyamba ariko mfite allergies’, ariko turabizi ko iyo ukuriye mu mikoranire y’ako kanya n’amatungo yo mu mashyamba uba ugabanyije hafi 50% y’amahirwe yo kuzahura n’indwara ya asthma cyangwa allergies,”
Akomeza ashimangira ko “N’iyo wakurira ahantu hari imbwa mu rugo, uba ugabanyije hagati ya 13-14% by’ibyago byo kugira allergies.”
Ubushakashatsi bushya bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2025, bwasanze kugira imbwa mu rugo bishobora gufasha kurinda bamwe mu bana bafite ubudasa mu miterere y’uturemangingo (genetic predisposition) ituma bashobora gufatwa na eczema.
Uretse imbwa, n’izindi nyamanswa zo mu rugo zibana n’abantu nazo zigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw’umwana ndetse akaba yabukurana n’ubwo basobanura ko bitaba umuti uhamye kandi w’igihe kirekire.
Inyamaswa zo mu rugo zigira ubudahangarwa ku mwana wavutse azisanga aho kandi uko ziba nyinshi akaba ari nako ubudahangarwa burushaho gukomera