Ese kuki abagabo aribo bari kwibasirwa n’indwara zo mu mutwe kurusha abagore mu Rwanda?
Indwara zo mu mutwe ni kimwe mu bibazo bihangayikishije Isi, byagera ku Banyarwanda zigasya zitanzitse kuko umwe mu bantu batanu aba yarahuye n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Ni ndwara zimaze igihe zivurirwa mu Bitaro bya Ndera bimaze hafi imyaka 57 bitangiye gutanga serivisi mu Rwanda, icyakora ababigana barenze ubushobozi bwarwo, ku buryo bagera ku 116%.
Imibare igaragaza ko nko mu 2024/2025 byakiriye abarwayi 119.859, biyongereyeho 17,7% ugereranyije n’umwaka wari wabanje.
Dr. Arthur Rukundo umaze imyaka 20 akorera mu Bitaro bya CARAES Ndera, agaragaza ibikomeje guteza ibi bibazo, abageramiwe kurusha abandi n’icyakorwa ngo byibuze imibare igabanywe.
Yavuze ko bafite ishami rirebana n’indwara z’imyakura n’iryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe, agaragaza ko ugiye i Ndera wese aba atajyanywe n’ibisazi nk’uko bamwe babyita.
Nko mu 2024/2025, abakiriwe bafite indwara zo mu mutwe ‘psychiatric cases’ bangana na 66.335 naho indwara z’imyakura zizwi nka ‘neurological cases’ bari 53.524.
Ati “Umuntu ashobora kuza i Ndera ari uko yagize ikibazo cya paralysie ku kuboko. Ariko iyo uvuze ngo umuntu bamujyanye i Ndera nta kindi bahita bumva uretse kuba ikibazo cyo mu mutwe. Umuntu wese waje kwivuriza i Ndera ntabwo buri gihe aba arwaye mu mutwe.”
Indwara zo mu mutwe ziganje ni igicuri (Epilepsy) aho abayifite ibyo bitaro byakiriye mu 2024/2025 ari 36.097 bangana 29,08% by’abarwayi bose babiganye, indwara ifata ubwonko yitwa ‘Schizophrenia’ iyi ni yo ndwara yo mu mutwe yeruye, ni ukuvuga uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bukabije ari na yo benshi bajyaga bita ibisazi.
Ibi bitaro byakiriye abayirwaye bagera ku 24.991, bangana na 20,14% by’abarwayi bose bakiriwe.
Hari kandi indwara ya Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder (ATPD), ishobora kuza ihutiyeho ariko nanone idatinda gukira, ishobora nko guterwa n’umunaniro umuntu ahuye na wo, igikomere cyangwa ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge bamwe bayita umujagararo n’izindi.

Ibitaro bya Ndera bifite amashami atandukanye hari iri i Niboye mu Karere ka Kicukiro rizwi nka Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Center n’irya CARAES Butare.
I Ndera ni ho kakira abantu benshi kuko nko mu 2023/2024 hakiriye abarenga ibihumbi 68 bangana na 67%. Abakiriwe i Butare bari ibihumbi 21 bangana na 21% mu gihe abakiriwe n’ishami rya no ku Cyizere ibihumbi 13 bangana na 12%.
Dr Rukundo yavuze ko abagabo ari bo benshi mu bo bakira kuko bangana na 54% abari n’abategarugori bakangana 46%, urubyiruko rukaba ari rwo rwinshi.
Ati “Abahungu bihariye umubare munini. Ni bo twakira cyane bitewe n’agahinda gakabije kenshi gaterwa n’ibiyobyabwenge.”
Yavuze agahinda gasanzwe kabaho ariko nk’iyo umuntu yakagize igihe kinini yabitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye nko kubura uwe ntabyakire, n’ibindi biba ari ngombwa ko ajya kwa muganga bakamufasha.
Ati “Ni agahinda gatinda kagatuma n’imirimo utayikora neza. Wa muntu waje kubera agahinda yatewe no kubura uwe aza mu ishami rya kabiri rizwi nka ‘psychiatrie’.
Acute Psychosis na yo iri mu ndwara ziganza cyane mu zo bakira. Ni indwara ikunze gufata umuntu uba wahuye n’ikibazo cy’indengakamere ubwonko bukagira ikibazo.
Igira ibimenyetso bigaragara aho umuntu aba yiganiriza, abona ibyo abandi batabona rimwe ukabona arahunga.
Ati “Ubona aba ahunga ibintu abona. Ni yo mpamvu uzasanga ataguma ahantu hamwe. Hari igihe ahunga cyangwa akikingirana mu nzu. Hari abo bazana hano bakakubwira ko amaze ukwezi cyangwa abiri badasohoka, aba yumba amajwi y’abagomba kumugirira nabi. Ni wa muntu ubona atiyitaho n’ibindi kuko aba afite ibibazo birenze.”
Ni ikibazo gishobora no kuba ku banyoye urumogi na bo bikunda kubaho umuntu akagera aho na we yumva amajwi.
Impamvu ni uko iyo yarunyoye rugera mu bwonko rugakorana n’imisemburo yarwo irimo uzwi nka ‘dopamine’ ikiyongera umuntu akaba yakumva amajwi cyangwa akumva amashusho, imyitwarire ye ikaba irahindutse.

Hari n’abamazemo imyaka irenga 30
Kugeza uyu munsi mu Bitaro bya Ndera habarizwayo abantu 36 babuze imiryango ibatwara. Nk’ubu hari urengeje imyaka 30, yaturutse i Burundi, arinze asaza umuryango barawubuze.
Ibi bitaro bigira abavurwa bataha, n’ababa bafite indwara zikomeye ku buryo aba amara mu bitaro hagati y’umwezi n’iminsi 50, bigatuma hari abatererana ababo kubera icyo gihe.
Abajyanwa i Ndera bari mu bice bibiri cyane cyane, kirimo abajyanwa n’inzego z’umutekano n’abajyanwa n’abo mu miryango yabo
Dr Rukundo ati “Nubwo bimeze uku ntabwo abantu benshi barakira kugira umuntu ufite indwara yo mu mutwe. Usanga hari n’undi uzana umurwayi akamusiga kugira ngo azagaruke bikaba intambara. Hari akato abarwayi bahabwa cyangwa imiryango yabo. Hano hari abantu benshi bamaze igihe kubw’izo mpamvu. Hari n’abo nasanze hano.”
Bijyanye n’imyaka ibi bitaro bimaze, inzobere bifite n’ibindi bigira ibyigisha, Dr Rukundo yagaragaje ko banakira abanyamahanga na RDC, u Burundi, Nigeria n’ahandi.
Kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe bitangira umwana ari mu nda
Dr Rukundo yagaragaje ko mu bituma indwara zo mu mutwe zicyiyongera harimo n’abana badahabwa uburere buboneye kuko ababyeyi babo baba bagiye gushakisha imibereho, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga na ryo rikongera ikibatsi mu muriro.
Imibare y’Ishami rya Loni ryita Buzima igaragaza ko umwana umwe muri barindi bari hagati y’imyaka 10 na 19 bagaragaza ibibazo byo mu mutwe batewe no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu buryo butaboneye.
Ati “Umwana w’imyaka 12 nareba filime zigombwa kurebwa n’abakuru iramwangiza ntabwo imwubaka. Ariko tubona abana bagira ibibazo bijyanye n’uko bareba ibitajyanye n’imyaka yabo.”
Dr Rukundo yavuze ko ubuzima bw’umwana bugomba kwitabwaho umwana akiri munda, kuko umuntu atangira kugira ubuzima bwo mu mutwe iyo ubwonko bwatangiye gukora ari na bwo ibibwangiriza bitangira.
Ati “Ni na bwo atangira kugira amarangamutima, agatangira kwinyeganyeza n’ibindi. Biterwa n’uburyo atangira kubana n’umubyeyi we amutwite. Ni na yo mpamvu umwana avuka ukabona atameze neza.”
Ni ha handi umwana ashobora kuvukana ‘autisme’ cyangwa Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), aho umwana aba ari konka kabona ntashaka kurebana n’umubyeyi we mu maso.

Yahaye umuburo ababyeyi bazana abakozi bo kwita ku bana, yerekana ko biba byiza kumenya imibereho y’uwo uhaye kurera umwana wawe kuko na we hari ubwo aba akeneye gufashwa.
Ati “Umwana ararira umukozi akamuha telefoni. Hano bazana umwana w’imyaka itatu, itanu yahohotewe n’umukozi. Usigiye umuntu umwana mu rugo, ese yabonye uburere buhagije, ubu se amurakaje byagenda gute? Tugomba kwibaza ku buzima bw’abakozi. bacu”
Muri Kanama 2025 byatangajwe ko umuntu umwe muri batanu mu Rwanda aba yarahuye n’ikibazo cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Muri ibyo bibazo ibyiganje cyane birimo ibituruka ku gahinda gakabije, ubwoba bukabije n’ihungabana, ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga n’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe.
Agahinda gakabije kari kuri 11,9%, ubwoba bukabije 8,1%, Ihungabana riri kuri 3,6%, uburwayi bukomeye bwo mu mutwe buri kuri 1,3%, imyitwarire idasanzwe ibangamira abandi muri sosiyete ikaba kuri 0,8%, mu gihe imyitwarire iganisha ku kwiyahura igera kuri 0,5%.
Ati “Ikindi kintu cyongera agahinda gakabije ni intambara. Twagize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Intambara, umuvuduko Isi iriho n’ibindi. Ni byo byongera imibare. Twe birenze na 10%. Umuvuduko Isi iriho ni wo tugomba gushyiriraho ingamba kuko izi ndwara nyinshi zakwirindwa.”
Mu bihangayikishije Abanyarwanda harimo n’ibizwi nka ‘Personality Disorder” wa muntu wakuze ariko ntabone abamwigisha uko yitwara mu buzima.
Dr. Rukundo yavuze ko iyo ibyo bitabonetse ari bwo ubona umuntu nta bumuntu afite ikibazo cyamubaho, kucyihanganira bikagorana bikarangira agize agahinda gakabije akaba yanakwiyahura kandi benshi babifa nk’ibyoroshye.
Ati “Umwe akunda umukobwa batandukana bimwangirize agire agahinda gakabije ubone ariyahuye. Ntukavuge ko umuntu wiyahuye yabaye ikigwari. Aba afite ikintu cyangwa umuntu yimariyemo yakibura ubuzima akumva ko buhagije.”
Mu mbogamizi zihari mu bijyanye no kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, harimo abaganga bazitaho bakiri mbarwa kuko uyu munsi inzobere mu kuvura ubuzima bwo mumutwe ari 15 bakwiriye kwita ku Banyarwanda miliyoni 15.
Ibi biri no mu bituma abarwayi batitabwaho uko bikwiriye. Yatanze urugero rw’uko umuganga yakiriye umurwayi wo mu mutwe aba agomba kumumarana hagati y’iminota 50 n’isaha.
Ufashe nko ku munsi yareba abarwayi nk’icyenda. Niba ari nka batatu ni abarwayi nka 30, Dr Rukundo akavuga ko i Ndera abo bantu babarenza cyane.

